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Statistics unplugged
Author
Publisher
Wadsworth/Cengage Learning
Publication Date
c2013
Edition
4th ed., student ed.
Language
English
Description
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Table of Contents
From the Book - 4th ed., student ed.
Introduction: Methods, Material, and Moments to Remember
1. The What and How of Statistics
Before We Begin
A World of Information
Levels of Measurement
Samples and Populations
The Purposes of Statistical Analysis
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
2. Describing Data and Distributions
Before We Begin
Measures of Central Tendency
The Mean
The Median
The Mode
Measures of Variability or Dispersion
The Range
Deviations From the Mean
The Mean Deviation
The Variance
The Standard Deviation
n Versus n-1
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
3. The Shape of Distributions
Before We Begin
The Basic Elements
Beyond the Basics: Comparisons and Conclusions
A Special Curve
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
4. The Normal Curve
Before We Begin
Real-World Normal Curves
Into the Theoretical World
The Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve
Finally, an Application
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
5. Four Fundamental Concepts
Before We Begin
Fundamental Concept #1: Random Sampling
Fundamental Concept #2: Sampling Error
Fundamental Concept #3: The Sampling Distribution of Sample Means
Fundamental Concept #4: The Central Limit Theorem
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
6. Confidence Intervals
Before We Begin
Confidence Interval for the Mean
Confidence Interval for the Mean With σ Known
An Application
Reviewing Z Values
Z Values and the Width of the Interval
Bringing in the Standard Error of the Mean
The Relevance of the Central Limit Theorem and the Standard Error
Confidence and Interval Width
A Brief Recap
Confidence Interval for the Mean With σ Unknown
Estimating the Standard Error of the Mean
The Family of t Distributions
The Table for the Family of t Distributions
An Application
A Final Comment About the Interpretation of a Confidence Interval for the Mean
A Final Comment About Z Versus t
Confidence Intervals for Proportions
An Application
Margin of Error
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
7. Hypothesis Testing With a Single Sample Mean
Before We Begin
Setting the Stage
A Hypothesis as a Statement of Your Expectations: The Case of the Null Hypothesis
Single Sample Test With σ Known
Refining the Null and Phrasing It the Right Way
The Logic of the Test
Applying the Test
Levels of Significance, Critical Values, and the Critical Region
But What If…
But What If We're Wrong?
Single Sample Test With σ Unknown
Applying the Test
Some Variations on a Theme
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
8. Hypothesis Testing With Two Samples (Mean Difference and Difference Between Means)
Before We Begin
Related Samples
The Logic of the Test
The Null Hypothesis
Combining the Logic and the Null
The Estimate of the Standard Error of the Mean Difference
Applying the Test
Interpreting the Results
Some Additional Examples
Independent Samples
The Logic of the Test
The Null Hypothesis
Combining the Logic and the Null
The Estimate of the Standard Error of the Difference of Means
Applying the Test
Interpreting the Results
Some Additional Examples
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
9. Beyond the Null Hypothesis
Before We Begin
Research or Alternative Hypotheses
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Test Scenarios
Testing a Non-directional Research Hypothesis
Testing a Directional Research Hypothesis
Power and Effect
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
10. Analysis of Variance
Before We Begin
The Logic of ANOVA
From Curves to Data Distributions
The Different Means
From Different Means to Different Types of Variation
The Null Hypothesis
The Application
Calculating the Within-Groups Sum of Squares (SS W )
Calculating the Between-Groups Sum of Squares (SS B )
From Sums of Squares to Estimates of Variance
Calculating the F Ratio
The Interpretation
Interpretation of the F Ratio
Post Hoc Testing
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
11. The Chi-Square Test
Before We Begin
The Chi-Square Test of Independence
The Logic of the Test
A Focus on the Departure From Chance
The Null Hypothesis
The Application
The Formula
The Calculation
Conclusion and Interpretation
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
12. Correlation and Regression
Before We Begin
Scatter Plots
Linear Associations: Direction and Strength
Other Types of Association
Correlation Analysis
Two Variables: X and Y
The Logic of Correlation
The Formula for Pearson's r
Application
Interpretation
An Additional Step: Testing the Null
Conclusion and Interpretation
Regression Analysis
An Application
The Logic of Prediction and the Line of Best Fit
The Regression Equation
The Standard Error of the Estimate
Chapter Summary
Some Other Things You Should Know
Key Terms
Chapter Problems
Appendix A. Table of Areas Under the Normal Curve (Distribution of Z)
Appendix B. Family of t Distributions (Two-Tailed Test)
Appendix C. Family of t Distributions (One-Tailed Test)
Appendix D. Distribution of F (.05 Level of Significance)
Appendix E. Distribution of F (.01 Level of Significance)
Appendix F. Distribution of Q (.05 Level of Significance)
Appendix G. Distribution of Q (.01 Level of Significance)
Appendix H. Critical Values for Chi-Square (X 2 )
Appendix I. Critical Values of r (Correlation Coefficient)
Appendix J. Data Sets and Computer-Based Data Analysis
It Usually Starts with Rows and Columns
Good News; Words of Caution; It's Up to You
Appendix K. Some of the More Common Formulas Used in the Text
Answers to Chapter Problems
Glossary
References
Index
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ISBN
9780840029430
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