Jim Crow: voices from a century of struggle. Part 2, 1919-1976 : Tulsa to the Boston busing crisis

Introduction / Tyina L. Steptoe The Race Conflict in Arkansas / Walter White , December 13, 1919 Condemned Arkansas Rioters Look to Chicago for Help / Ida B. Wells-Barnett , December 13, 1919 The Shame of America: Or the Negro's Case against the Republic / Archibald H. Grimk©♭ , December 29, 1919 Memorandum on Marcus Garvey / Military Intelligence Division , May 5, 1921 from Events of the Tulsa Disaster / Mary E. Jones Parrish , 1921 The Tulsa Race Riot and Three of Its Victims / B. C. Franklin , 1921 Oral History Interview on the Tulsa Race / Otis Clark , Massacre, 1921 Membership Appeal to the Negro Citizens of New York / Marcus Garvey , July 1921 Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus in Moore v. Dempsey / Scipio Africanus Jones , September 21, 1921 Address in Birmingham, Alabama / Warren G. Harding , October 26, 1921 Timely Talk on Race Issue / Raymond Clapper , October 26, 1921 The Passage of the Dyer Bill / James Weldon Johnson , February 4, 1922 Negro Porter Whipped by Masked Citizens of Abilene / Colonel Mayfield's Weekly , February 18, 1922 To the Editor of the Observer / W. P. Evans , May 20 and June 3, 1923 Far Away Blues / George Brooks , recorded 1923 Report on the Lynching of Sammie Smith / Walter White , December 1924 Decision Rendered in Students' Row / The Rocky Mountain News , January 8, 1925 Enter the New Negro / Alain Locke , March 1925 The Challenge of Detroit / W.E.B. Du Bois , November 1925 We Must Fight if We Would Survive / The New York Amsterdam News , November 18, 1925 "Not Guilty," Dr. Sweet Tells Jury / Nettie George Speedy , November 28, 1925 Why I Stay in Texas and Fight / Clifton F. Richardson , September 24, 1927 from All God's Dangers: The Life of Nate Shaw / Ned Cobb , 1904-8, c. 1930 They Shall Not Die! Stop the Legal Lynching: The Story of Scottsboro in Pictures / Elizabeth Lawson , 1932 Calls Negro Masses to Unite / The Advocate , June 19, 1932 What Do You Say About It? / The Chicago Defender , September 10, 1932 The Lynching of George Armwood / Baltimore Afro-American , October 28, 1933 Scottsboro Youths in Greatest Danger; Organizations Asked to Send Delegates to Congress / California Eagle , July 20, 1934 Scottsboro Attorneys in High Court / Ben Davis, Jr. , February 16, 1935 Knight Has No Answer to the Scottsboro Defense / Marguerite Young , February 19, 1935 Watching the Scottsboro Case in Supreme Court / Baltimore Afro-American , February 23, 1935 Highest Court Hears Scottsboro Case / Louis R. Lautier , February 23, 1935 Draft Letter to the Editor on the Scottsboro Case / Grace Mott Johnson , April 6, 1936 to Anna Damon / Haywood Patterson , October 12, 1937 Draft Letter to Franklin D. Roosevelt / Mary McLeod Bethune , November 27, 1939 "It's Our Country, Too" / Walter White , December 14, 1940 Should I Sacrifice To Live "Half-American?" / James G. Thompson , January 31, 1942 Why Should We March? / March on Washington Movement , Summer 1942 The Gestapo in Detroit / Thurgood Marshall , August 1943 Morale Sags at Camp Forrest as Jim Crow Rules / Deton J. Brooks, Jr. , November 6, 1943 The Negro Soldier / James Agee , March 27, 1944 Negro Marines Win Admiration Of Vets in Southwest Pacific / Fletcher P. Martin , April 7, 1944 The Woman Next Door: A Story of Unequal Justice / Committee for Equal Justice for Mrs. Recy Taylor , 1945 Equal Justice Under Law / Earl Conrad, Eugene Gordon, and Henrietta Buckmaster , 1945 to Chauncey Sparks / Raymond and Rosa Parks , March 16, 1945 Reporting from Europe 784th Wins Battle Honors In Capturing German Towns / Theodore Stanford , March 31, 1945 Democracy Goal of Tan Yanks Abroad / Theodore Stanford , May 19, 1945 German Women See Tan Yanks as Men Only / Theodore Stanford , June 9, 1945 An American Credo / Pauli Murray , Winter 1945

It Was a Great Day in Jersey / Wendell Smith , April 27, 1946 Lynch Try Fails on "Daily" Man and Lawyers in Tenn. / Harry Raymond , November 20, 1946 Make Lynching a Federal Offense / Journal of the National Medical Association , July 1947 from Coming of Age in Mississippi / Anne Moody , 1947-48 Speech to the Democratic National Convention / Hubert H. Humphrey , July 14, 1948 Declaration of Principles / Birmingham Convention of States' Rights Democrats , July 17, 1948 from Killers of the Dream / Lillian Smith , 1949 Message from the NAACP to the Negro Voters of Harris County / Lonnie E. Smith and Christia V. Adair , August 21, 1950 Dissent in Briggs v. Elliott / Julius Waties Waring , June 23, 1951 Acceptance Speech as Vice Presidential Candidate of the Progressive Party / Charlotta Bass , March 30, 1952 Negro Family to Remain Despite Flaming Cross / Portland Challenger , May 20, 1953 Resents Ike's Taking Credit for Winning DC Restaurant Case / Alice A. Dunnigan , June 20, 1953 Opinion in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka / Earl Warren , May 17, 1954 from The Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Women Who Started It / Jo Ann Gibson Robinson , 1953-55 When I Will Get to Be Called a Man / Big Bill Broonzy , October 1955 Declaration of Constitutional Principles / Southern Senators and Representatives , March 12, 1956 Alabama Pickets Rock-Roll Troupe / The Chicago Defender , May 21, 1956 How to Solve the Segregation Problem / Harry Golden , May-June 1956 from Testimony Before the House Committee on Un-American Activities / Paul Robeson , June 12, 1956 Mr. Muhammad Speaks: Who Is the Original Man? / Elijah Muhammad , July 28, 1956 We Are Rising from the Dead Since We Heard Messenger Muhammad... / Malcolm X , December 15 and 22, 1956 from Oral History Interview on Life in Houston in the 1950s and 1960s / Paulette Williams Grant Predicts End To Housing Bias, Migrations / The Chicago Defender , September 13, 1958 Bigger Than A Hamburger / Ella Baker , May 1960 from Negroes with Guns / Robert F. Williams , 1962 Negro Voting in Louisiana / Congress of Racial Equality , c. 1962-63 Louisiana Voter Registration Procedures , c. 1963 George Wallace / Inaugural Address as Governor of Alabama , January 14, 1963 Violence Stalks Voter-Registration Workers in Mississippi / Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , March 12, 1963 Statement on State Court Injunction Against Demonstrations / Fred Shuttlesworth , April 14, 1963 Ask Yourself This Important Question: What Have I Personally Done to Maintain Segregation? / Dallas County Citizens Council , June 9, 1963 Report to the American People on Civil Rights / John F. Kennedy , June 11, 1963 Official Program for the March on Washington , August 28, 1963 Speech at the March on Washington, Original Text and Speech as Delivered / John Lewis , August 28, 1963

Labor Report Shows: Negro Women Are Improving Their Status / Sue Cronk , March 28, 1964

The Ballot or the Bullet / Malcolm X , April 3, 1964

Program of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party , c. June 1964

Remarks in the Senate on the Civil Rights Bill / Mike Mansfield, Richard Russell, Hubert H. Humphrey, and Everett McKinley Dirksen , June 10, 1964

Testimony to the Credentials Committee Democratic National Convention / Fannie Lou Hamer , August 22, 1964

An Exchange on Urban Riots and Policing / Robert Penn Warren and Bayard Rustin , 1964

Dr. King Rebuts Hoover Charges / John Herbers , November 20, 1964

Sample Alabama Literacy Test Questions , c. 1964-65

Debate at the Cambridge Union / James Baldwin and William F. Buckley , February 18, 1965

Speech in Congress on the Voting Rights Act / John Conyers , July 8, 1965

CORE Voter Registration Training Materials for Louisiana , c. 1965

School Trustees Set Talk on Negro Hiring / Palm Springs Desert Sun , September 30, 1965

Greater Effort Pledged on Hiring of Negro Teachers / Palm Springs Desert Sun , October 1, 1965

Statement on Black Power / Vine City Project , Spring 1966

How the Black Panther Party Was Organized / John Hulett , May 22, 1966

Speech on Black Power / Stokely Carmichael , October 29, 1966

Ten-Point Program of the Black Panther Party for Self Defense , May 15, 1967

Opinion in Loving v. Virginia / Earl Warren , June 12, 1967

from Oral History Interview on Lyndon B.

/ Thurgood Marshall , Johnson, 1941-67

Mob Violence in Milwaukee / Madison Capital Times , August 30, 1967

to Father James Groppi / A Teacher , August 30, 1967

Statement at a Press Conference / Henry Maier , August 31, 1967

to Father James Groppi / Leonard D. Mills , November 4, 1967

Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders: from the Summary: Introduction, The Basic Causes , February 29, 1968

Report of the National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders: Police and the Community , February 29, 1968

Have Sanitation Workers A Future? / Community on the Move for Equality , Spring 1968

Oral History Interview on Lyndon B. Johnson / Whitney M. Young , 1955-68

Father Groppi: A Modern Priest Looks at a Racist Society / Annette Chandler , March 5, 1969

Speech at Howard University / Shirley Chisholm , April 21, 1969

Future of Civil Rights Worries Old Guard as Gains Are Noted / Nick Kotz , December 25, 1972

Common Fear, Safety for Students, Ripples through North Dorchester, Roxbury as Bussing Becomes Real / Ron Hutson , June 27, 1974

from Dissent in Milliken v. Bradley / Thurgood Marshall , July 25, 1974

Race, Schools and Riots in Boston / Thomas Pettigrew , November 1974

Keynote Address at the Democratic National Convention / Barbara Jordan , July 12, 1976.