Preparing America's teachers: a history

Schooling teachers for a new nation, 1750-1830

Educating women, women as educators, 1800-1860

The birth of the normal school, 1830-1870

Teachers' institutes, 1830-1920

High schools and city normal schools, 1830-1920

Normal institutes, missionary colleges, and county training schools: preparing African American teachers in the segregated South, 1860-1940

The heyday of the normal school, 1870-1920

Universities create departments and schools of education, 1870-1930

Teachers for cities, teachers for immigrants, 1870-1940

Every teacher a college graduate, 1920-1965

A new status quo and its critics, 1960-1985

Preparing teachers in the era of a nation at risk, 1965-2000.