1. Revolution from above and below: European politics from the French Revolution to the First World War.
2. The industrialization of modern Europe, 1750-1914.
3. Military modernization, 1789-1918.
4. From orders to classes: European society in the nineteenth century.
5. The commercialization and sacralization of European culture in the nineteenth century.
6. The great Civil War: European politics, 1914-1945.
7. The fall and rise of the European economy in the twentieth century.
8. Warfare in Europe since 1918.
9. European society in the twentieth century.
10. From modernism to post-modernism.
11. Europe divided and reunited, 1945-1995.